I'm curious about the product lifecycle of probe cards. With semiconductors moving quickly, and Moore's Law possibly slowing down, how do you view the product lifecycle of these products? You mentioned it's intense due to the semiconductor industry. How fast are these products moving, and how can they keep up with advancements like two-nanometer chips in the next fab, potentially in three or four years?

When I left the industry, there was definitely a movement towards considering the probe card as part of the semiconductor development process. One semiconductor manufacturer, in particular, was starting to behave differently than in the past. Through the 2000s to around 2018, the semiconductor industry would develop a new technology node, moving from 14 to 7 nanometers. They would then expect probe card manufacturers to figure out how to test these wafers. As node sizes shrank further, at least one manufacturer began to seriously consider how to handle the sorting process, which is what probe cards do. They help sort good and bad components.