Google AI in Search, YouTube, Assistant vs ChatGPT

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Should I think of it as a menu of services that teams can go to when they're trying to do things?

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Yes, I think the way that the Google is organized is such that there's definitely a rich foundation of research that's happening. The research, as well as the consumer experiences or business products that we're building, are all leveraging very high-quality infrastructure that's available in the form of storage or compute and things like that, specifically focused around the types of things we do. For example, for YouTube, we have special chips that we use to do video encoding or decoding in our data centers. For AI, obviously, we have our own silicon as well to help there. You have the infrastructure level, you have the resource level and then you have the product level, which is, essentially, how do we bring all of this to consumers? There's a tight collaboration across these three and, typically, good ideas come from everywhere and we talk about what is the right product experience to build? Then we can leverage any and all of the underlying stacks that may exist or build on top of them to meet our needs.

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I know, TikTok is very popular, so could you tell me why it's winning and YouTube's opportunity to respond or challenges in responding?

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I think that it's actually quite interesting. It's just a continuation of the trend. If you think about the creator landscape, initially, there were only three TV stations, or whatever, so the number of creators was limited by 24 hours times three. A handful of people. Then we went to 100 channels, and that was a big explosion with cable, and we went to 500 channels, and then YouTube came about and said, "Hey, we're going to allow anyone to upload". But really, if you think about the billions of users that watch YouTube videos, a very small fraction, much less than 1% of those actually upload videos and upload videos that matter, that get viewed by lots of people. The Creator pool, as a percentage, is still very small, and part of that is it's hard to build a compelling content, and it is hard to get noticed.

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